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William Johnstone Hope
Vice Admiral Sir William Johnstone Hope, GCB (16 August 1766 – 2 May 1831) was a prominent and controversial British Royal Navy officer and politician in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Britain, whose career experienced fleet actions, disputes with royalty, party politics and entry to both Russian and British orders of chivalry. A popular officer, Hope served with Nelson, Duncan and Lord Keith through several campaigns, making connections which enabled him to secure a lengthy political career after his retirement from the Royal Navy in 1804 due to ill-health. After 26 years in Parliament, Hope was largely inactive and instead served as a Lord of the Admiralty and commissioner of Greenwich Naval Hospital. Hope died in 1832 after 55 years of naval and political service and was buried in the family plot in Scotland.
==Early life==
William Johnstone Hope was born the third son of John Hope and his wife Mary Breton. The Hopes were descendants of the first Earl of Hopetoun and maintained strong political links with the family; his brothers were also prominent figures, Charles Hope later became Lord Granton and Sir John Hope served as a brigadier under Wellington in the Peninsular War.〔(Hope, Sir William Johnstone ), ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', J. K. Laughton, (subscription required). Retrieved 14 December 2007.〕
Hope was educated at Edinburgh High School between 1774 and 1776 and the following year, aged 12, he entered the Royal Navy as a midshipman in HMS ''Weazel'', a sloop commanded by his uncle Captain Charles Hope.〔 As his uncle's protégé, William traveled with his relative thorough various commands, serving during the American Revolutionary War off the Home, Lisbon and Newfoundland Stations.〔''United Services Magazine'', 1831 Part II, P. 218〕 In 1782 he was promoted to lieutenant and left his uncle, taking a position on the frigate HMS ''Daedalus'' in Newfoundland. At the conclusion of the war, Hope returned home on ''Daedalus'' and remained on her until 1785 when his uncle returned him to his own ship, now the guardship HMS ''Sampson'' at Plymouth.〔
In 1786, Hope's career suffered a blow when he was stationed aboard the frigate HMS ''Pegasus'', commanded by Prince William Henry.〔 Hope and Prince William fell out badly and in less than a year Hope had been transferred to the frigate HMS ''Boreas'', at that time commanded by Captain Horatio Nelson, with whom Hope had good relations.〔 Two years later, Hope was transferred to HMS ''Adamant'' at the request of Sir Richard Hughes. When Hughes reached flag rank in 1790 whilst stationed in Newfoundland, he promoted Hope to commander and gave him command of ''Adamant''.〔
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